196 results on '"Gelius P"'
Search Results
2. Compensation of Absorption Effects in Seismic Data
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Gebregergs, Hagos Gebrehiwet and Leiv, Jacob Gelius
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Physics - Geophysics - Abstract
The frequency content of seismic data is changing with propagation depth due to intrinsic absorption. This implies that the higher frequencies are highly attenuated, thus leading to a loss in resolution of the seismic image. In addition, absorption anomalies, for example, caused by gas sands, will further dim the seismic reconstruction. It is possible to correct for such absorption effects by employing so called inverse Q filtering (IQF). This is a filtering technique that tries to restore the loss of the higher frequencies due to propagation. Newer developments within IQF can be regarded as a migration type of algorithm, and such classes of techniques are studied in this paper. As seismic waves travel through the earth, the visco-elasticity of the earth's medium will cause energy dissipation and waveform distortion. This phenomenon is referred to as seismic absorption. In explaining the propagation of seismic wave in a given medium we explore the relationship between the pressure and displacement stresses. Therefore, by introducing an absorption function into the stress and strain relationship we derived a non-linear wave equation. We, then, employed a layered earth model to solve the non-linear wave equation.
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- 2023
3. Postmortem CT analysis of paranasal sinuses using an experimental model of drowning
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Tyr, Alexander, Zilg, Brita, Gelius, Tobias, Möllby, Rasmus, and Heldring, Nina
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- 2024
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4. Gesundheitsförderung im Reallabor?
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Abu-Omar, Karim, Popp, Johanna, Bergmann, Matthias, Messing, Sven, Till, Maike, and Gelius, Peter
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- 2024
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5. Space-Varying Iterative Restoration of 2-D Inversion Models Computed from Marine CSEM Data
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Li, Feng-Ping, Thorkildsen, Vemund Stenbekk, Gelius, Leiv-J, and Yue, Jian-Hua
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Physics - Geophysics - Abstract
Marine Controlled Source Electromagnetic (CSEM) is employed both in large-scale geophysical applications as well as within exploration of hydrocarbons and gas hydrates. Due to the diffusive character of the EM field only very low frequencies are used leading to inversion results with rather low resolution. In this paper, we calculate the resolution matrix associated with the inversion and derive the corresponding point spread functions (PSFs). The PSFs give information about how much the actual inversion has been blurred, and use of space-varying deconvolution can therefore further improve the inversion result. The actual deblurring is carried out by use of the nonnegative flexible conjugate gradient algorithm for least squares problem (NN-FCGLS), which is a fast iterative restoration technique. For completeness, we also introduce results obtained by use of a blind deconvolution algorithm based on maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) with unknown PSFs. The potential of the proposed approaches have been demonstrated using both complex synthetic data as well as field data acquired at the Wisting oil field in the Barents Sea. In both cases, the resolution of the final inversion result has improved and shows better agreement with the known target area.
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- 2022
6. Co-producing a new tool to inform policy development in the field of physical activity promotion
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Messing, S, primary, Gelius, P, additional, Abu-Omar, K, additional, Beck, F, additional, Geidl, W, additional, Grüne, E, additional, Marzi, I, additional, Tcymbal, A, additional, Reimers, A, additional, and Pfeifer, K, additional
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- 2023
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7. A systematic review and narrative synthesis of physical activity referral schemes’ components
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Mino, Eriselda, Hanson, Coral L., Naber, Inga, Weissenfels, Anja, McHale, Sheona, Saftig, Jane, Klamroth, Sarah, Gelius, Peter, Abu-Omar, Karim, Whiting, Stephen, Wickramasinghe, Kremlin, Galea, Gauden, Pfeifer, Klaus, and Geidl, Wolfgang
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- 2023
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8. Research- vs. government-driven physical activity policy monitoring: a systematic review across different levels of government
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Messing, Sven, Tcymbal, Antonina, Abu-Omar, Karim, and Gelius, Peter
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- 2023
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9. Validity, reliability, and readability of single-item and short physical activity questionnaires for use in surveillance: A systematic review.
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Antonina Tcymbal, Sven Messing, Rachel Mait, Roberto Galindo Perez, Taiyeba Akter, Ivo Rakovac, Peter Gelius, and Karim Abu-Omar
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundAccurate and fast measurement of physical activity is important for surveillance. Even though many physical activity questionnaires (PAQ) are currently used in research, it is unclear which of them is the most reliable, valid, and easy to use. This systematic review aimed to identify existing brief PAQs, describe and compare their measurement properties, and assess their level of readability.MethodsWe performed a systematic review based on the PRISMA statement. Literature searches were conducted in six scientific databases. Articles were included if they evaluated validity and/or reliability of brief (i.e., with a maximum of three questions) physical activity or exercise questionnaires intended for healthy adults. Due to the heterogeneity of studies, data were summarized narratively. The level of readability was calculated according to the Flesch-Kincaid formula.ResultsIn total, 35 articles published in English or Spanish were included, evaluating 32 distinct brief PAQs. The studies indicated moderate to good levels of reliability for the PAQs. However, the majority of results showed weak validity when validated against device-based measurements and demonstrated weak to moderate validity when validated against other PAQs. Most of the assessed PAQs met the criterion of being "short," allowing respondents to complete them in less than one minute either by themselves or with an interviewer. However, only 17 questionnaires had a readability level that indicates that the PAQ is easy to understand for the majority of the population.ConclusionsThis review identified a variety of brief PAQs, but most of them were evaluated in only a single study. Validity and reliability of short and long questionnaires are found to be at a comparable level, short PAQs can be recommended for use in surveillance systems. However, the methods used to assess measurement properties varied widely across studies, limiting the comparability between different PAQs and making it challenging to identify a single tool as the most suitable. None of the evaluated brief PAQs allowed for the measurement of whether a person fulfills current WHO physical activity guidelines. Future development or adaptation of PAQs should prioritize readability as an important factor to enhance their usability.
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- 2024
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10. Developing a policy brief on physical activity promotion for children and adolescents
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Sven Messing, Peter Gelius, Karim Abu-Omar, Isabel Marzi, Franziska Beck, Wolfgang Geidl, Eva Grüne, Antonina Tcymbal, Anne Kerstin Reimers, and Klaus Pfeifer
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physical activity promotion ,policy brief ,policy consultation ,children ,adolescents ,recommendations ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
IntroductionWhile there are several approaches to collect basic information on physical activity (PA) promotion policies, some governments require more in-depth overviews on the situation in their country. In Germany, the Federal Ministry of Health expressed its interest in collecting detailed data on target group specific PA promotion, as relevant competences are distributed across a wide range of political levels and sectors. This study describes the development of a policy brief on physical activity promotion for children and adolescents in Germany. In particular, it addresses two major gaps in the current literature by systematically assessing good practice examples and “routine practices,” i.e., PA promotion activities already taking place on large scale and regular basis.Materials and methodsBased on relevant national and international guidelines, the TARGET:PA tool was co-produced by researchers and ministry officials. It includes (1) PA recommendations, (2) national prevalence rates, (3) recommendations for PA promotion, and data on national (4) routine practices, (5) good practice projects and (6) policies. Data were collected for children and adolescents in Germany using desk research, semi-structured interviews and secondary data analysis.ResultsA policy brief and scientific background document were developed. Results showed that 46% of the 4–5-year-olds fulfil WHO recommendations but only 15% of the 11–17-year-olds, and that girls are less active than boys. Currently, in Germany no valid data are available on the PA behaviour of children under the age of three. An overview of routine practices for PA promotion for children and adolescents was compiled, and experts were asked to critically assess their effectiveness, reach and durability. Overall, 339 target group specific projects for PA promotion were found, with 22 classified as examples of good practice. National PA policies for children and adolescents were identified across different sectors and settings.ConclusionThe study provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of PA promotion for children and adolescents in Germany. The co-production of the policy brief was a strength of the study, as it allowed researchers to take the needs of ministry officials into account, and as it supported the immediate uptake of results in the policymaking process. Future studies should test the applicability of the TARGET:PA tool to different target groups and countries.
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- 2023
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11. Physical activity promotion, human and planetary health – a conceptual framework and suggested research priorities
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Karim Abu-Omar, Guillaume Chevance, Antonina Tcymbal, Peter Gelius, and Sven Messing
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Physical activity ,Exercise ,Sport ,Climate ,Sustainability ,Planetary health ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 - Abstract
Due to the many benefits of physical activity for human health, its promotion has established itself as an important public health topic. Global warming is influencing how and when people can be physically active, requiring adaptation measures to combat heat. At the same time, many physical activities, particularly when it comes to sports and exercise, cause carbon emissions and effect environments negatively, which opens discussions on potential ways of mitigation. This commentary lays out a framework for research priorities in the field of physical activity promotion from a perspective of planetary health. Its intent is to stimulate discussions on how research in this field can be aligned with planetary health.
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- 2023
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12. Der Capability-Ansatz in der Bewegungsförderung: Das Beispiel des BIG-Projekts
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Till, Maike, Abu-Omar, Karim, and Gelius, Peter
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- 2023
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13. Editorial: Advances in geophysical inverse problems
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Yanfei Wang, A. G. Yagola, and L. J. Gelius
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inverse problems ,geophysical exploration ,regularization method ,joint inversion approach ,nanoscale imaging ,Science - Published
- 2023
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14. Cycling in older adults: a scoping review
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Mohammadhossein Kardan, Taiyeba Akter, Mehvish Iqbal, Antonina Tcymbal, Sven Messing, Peter Gelius, and Karim Abu-Omar
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cycling ,older adults ,physical activity ,safety ,active transportation ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 - Abstract
IntroductionRegular physical activity provides many health benefits to older adults. As a well-known form of physical activity, cycling can be an appropriate means for older people to meet WHO recommendations and to improve their health. In addition, cycling can help to protect the environment and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The primary aim of this scoping review is to identify the currently available scientific evidence and gaps of research in this field.MethodsA systematic search in seven databases resulted in 7,192 studies. After the exclusion of duplicates, studies were screened by two independent reviewers in a two-stage process. Based on previously defined inclusion criteria, 123 studies were included. Data extraction was based on a descriptive analytical method, and seven categories for the main topics of studies were developed. Data were extracted by three reviewers to analyze different characteristics of included articles such as age range, study design, data type, gender, type of bicycle, and country of origin.ResultsThe included studies covered the following topics: (1) traffic safety, (2) cycling as physical activity or for transport, (3) health benefits, (4) environmental factors, (5) facilitators and barriers, (6) application of technology and (7) promotion of cycling. Results show that the majority of studies were performed in both younger (60–79 years) and older (80+ years) adults. Most studies had an observational study design, used conventional bicycles, and were based on quantitative methods. Researchers from the United States, Netherlands, and Japan published the highest number of studies related to cycling.DiscussionTraffic safety was the most prevalent focus of the included studies. Gaps were identified with regard to studies focusing on the promotion of cycling, application of technology, as well as facilitators and barriers of cycling. While research on traffic safety should continue to be a high priority for public health, potentially more research should focus on how to get older people to bicycle more. This is warranted by the proven individual and planetary health benefits of cycling and the urgency of combating climate change.
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- 2023
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15. Resolution enhancement of 2D controlled-source electromagnetic images by use of point-spread function inversion
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Vemund S. Thorkildsen and Leiv-J. Gelius
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controlled-source EM (CSEM) ,inversion ,deblurring ,point-spread function (PSF) ,resolution ,Science - Abstract
The marine controlled-source electromagnetic technique is employed both in large-scale geophysical applications as well as within the exploration of hydrocarbons and gas hydrates. Because of the diffusive character of the EM field, only very low frequencies are used, leading to inversion results with low resolution. In this paper, we calculated the resolution matrix associated with the inversion and derived the corresponding point-spread functions. The PSFs provided information about how much the actual inversion was blurred. Using a space-varying deconvolution can thus further improve the inversion result. The actual deblurring was carried out using the nonnegative flexible conjugate gradient least-squares (NN-FCGLS) algorithm, which is a fast iterative restoration technique. To attain completeness, we also introduced the results obtained using a blind deconvolution algorithm based on the maximum likelihood estimation with unknown PSFs. The potential of the proposed approach has been demonstrated using both complex synthetic data and field data acquired at the Wisting oil field in the Barents Sea. In both cases, the resolution of the final inversion result was improved and showed greater agreement with the known target area.
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- 2023
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- View/download PDF
16. 3D Prestack Fourier Mixed-Domain (FMD) depth migration for VTI media with large lateral contrasts
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Zhao, Hao, Gelius, Leiv J., Tygel, Martin, Nilsen, Espen Harris, and Evensen, Andreas Kjelsrud
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Physics - Geophysics ,Physics - Computational Physics - Abstract
Although many 3D One-Way Wave-equation Migration (OWEM) methods exist for VTI media, most of them struggle either with the stability, the anisotropic noise or the computational cost. In this paper we present a new method based on a mixed space- and wavenumber-propagator that overcome these issues very effectively as demonstrated by the examples. The pioneering methods of phase-shift (PS) and Stolt migration in the frequency-wavenumber domain designed for laterally homogeneous media have been followed by several extensions for laterally inhomogeneous media. Referred many times to as phase-screen or generalized phase-screen methods, such extensions include as main examples of the Split-step Fourier (SSF) and the phase-shift plus interpolation (PSPI). To further refine such phase-screen techniques, we introduce a higher-order extension to SSF valid for a 3D VTI medium with large lateral contrasts in vertical velocity and anisotropy parameters. The method is denoted Fourier Mixed-Domain (FMD) prestack depth migration and can be regarded as a stable explicit algorithm. The FMD technique was tested using the 3D SEG/EAGE salt model and the 2D anisotropic Hess model with good results. Finally, FMD was applied with success to a 3D field data set from the Barents Sea including anisotropy., Comment: Accepted article in Journal of Applied Geophysics
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- 2019
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17. Methods of policy monitoring in physical activity promotion: a systematic review across different levels of government
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Messing, S, primary, Tcymbal, A, additional, Abu-Omar, K, additional, Richardson, D, additional, and Gelius, P, additional
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- 2022
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18. Policy assessment and policy development for physical activity promotion: results of an exploratory intervention study in 15 European Nations
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Rütten Alfred, Abu-Omar Karim, Gelius Peter, Dinan-Young Susie, Frändin Kerstin, Hopman-Rock Marijke, and Young Archie
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Physical activity ,Policy assessment ,Policy development ,Theoretical model ,Questionnaire ,Older people ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Purpose of the study was to test a theoretical model to assess and develop policies for the promotion of physical activity among older people as part of an international intervention study. Methods 248 semi-standardized interviews with policy-makers were conducted in 15 European nations. The questionnaire assessed policy-makers' perceptions of organizational goals, resources, obligations, as well as organizational, political and public opportunities in the area of physical activity promotion among older people. In order to develop policies, workshops with policy-makers were conducted. Workshop outputs and outcomes were assessed for four nations nine months after the workshops. Results Policy assessment: Results of the policy assessment were diverse across nations and policy sectors. For example, organizational goals regarding actions for physical activity promotion were perceived as being most favorably by the sports sector. Organizational obligations for the development of such policies were perceived as being most favorably by the health sector. Policy development: The workshops resulted in different outputs: a national intersectoral action plan (United Kingdom), a national alliance (Sweden), an integrated policy (the Netherlands), and a continuing dialogue (Germany). Conclusions Theory-driven policy assessment and policy-maker workshops might be an important means of scientific engagement in policy development for health promotion.
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- 2012
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19. Policy Instruments for Health Promotion: A Comparison of WHO Policy Guidance for Tobacco, Alcohol, Nutrition and Physical Activity
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Peter Gelius, Sven Messing, Antonina Tcymbal, Stephen Whiting, João Breda, and Karim Abu-Omar
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ncds ,policy-making ,policy documents ,who european region ,comparative research ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Background Policy is an important element of influencing individual health-related behaviours associated to major risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy eating and physical inactivity. However, our understanding of the specific measures recommended in NCD prevention policy-making remains limited. This study analysed recent World Health Organization (WHO) documents to identify common policy instruments suggested for national NCD prevention policy and to assess similarities and differences between policies targeting different health-related behaviours. Methods Evert Vedung’s typology of policy instruments, which differentiates between regulatory, economic/fiscal and soft instruments, served as a basis for this analysis. A systematic search on WHO websites was conducted to identify documents relating to tobacco, alcohol, nutrition and physical activity. The staff of the respective units at the WHO Regional Office for Europe conducted an expert validation of these documents. The resulting documents were systematically searched for policy instruments. A word frequency analysis was conducted to estimate the use of individual instruments in the different policy fields, followed by an additional in-depth coding and content analysis by two independent reviewers. Results Across all health-related behaviours, the following policy instruments were suggested most frequently in WHO guidance documents: laws, regulations, standards, taxes, prices, campaigns, recommendations, partnerships and coordination. The analysis showed that regulatory and economic/fiscal policy instruments are mainly applied in tobacco and alcohol policy, while soft instruments dominate in the fields of nutrition and especially physical activity. Conclusion The study confirms perceived differences regarding recommended policy instruments in the different policy fields and supports arguments that “harder” instruments still appear to be underutilized in nutrition and physical activity. However, more comprehensive research is needed, especially with respect to actual instrument use and effectiveness in national- level NCD prevention policy.
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- 2022
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20. Pandemiebedingte Transformationsprozesse partizipativer Forschungsprojekte – Eine qualitative Studie zu vier Bewegungsförderungsprojekten aus dem Capital4Health Forschungsverbund
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Boyer, L, additional, Sauter, A, additional, Sommer, R, additional, Till, M, additional, Gelius, P, additional, and Herrmann-Johns, A, additional
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- 2022
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21. Effectiveness and implementation success of a co-produced physical activity referral scheme in Germany: study protocol of a pragmatic cluster randomised trial
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Weissenfels, Anja, Klamroth, Sarah, Carl, Johannes, Naber, Inga, Mino, Eriselda, Geidl, Wolfgang, Gelius, Peter, Abu-Omar, Karim, and Pfeifer, Klaus
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- 2022
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22. Key performance indicators of cooperative planning processes: Case study results from German sport science and physical activity promotion projects
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Sommer, R., Linder, S., Ziemainz, H., and Gelius, P.
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- 2022
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23. Politik zur Bewegungsförderung in Deutschland: Eine Analyse anhand eines Policy-Audit-Tools der Weltgesundheitsorganisation
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Messing, Sven, Forberger, Sarah, Woods, Catherine, Abu-Omar, Karim, and Gelius, Peter
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- 2022
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24. Schlüsselindikatoren für kooperative Planungsprozesse: Fallstudienergebnisse aus deutschen sportwissenschaftlichen und bewegungsfördernden Projekten in Deutschland
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Sommer, R., primary, Linder, S., additional, Ziemainz, H., additional, and Gelius, P., additional
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- 2021
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25. Capital4Health: Handlungsmöglichkeiten für aktive Lebensstile: Ein Forschungsnetzwerk für interaktiven Wissensaustausch in der Gesundheitsförderung
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Gelius, P, additional, Till, M, additional, Ferschl, S, additional, Abu-Omar, K, additional, and Pfeifer, K, additional
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- 2021
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26. Sociodemographic correlates of physical activity and sport among adults in Germany: 1997–2018
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Abu-Omar, Karim, Messing, Sven, Sarshar, Mustafa, Gelius, Peter, Ferschl, Susanne, Finger, Jonas, and Bauman, Adrian
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- 2021
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27. The evidence for the impact of policy on physical activity outcomes within the school setting: A systematic review
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Catherine B. Woods, Kevin Volf, Liam Kelly, Bláthín Casey, Peter Gelius, Sven Messing, Sarah Forberger, Jeroen Lakerveld, Joanna Zukowska, and Enrique García Bengoechea
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Evaluation ,Physical activity ,Policy ,School ,Systematic review ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 ,Sports medicine ,RC1200-1245 - Abstract
Background: Despite the well-established health benefits of physical activity (PA) for young people (aged 4–19 years), most do not meet PA guidelines. Policies that support PA in schools may be promising, but their impact on PA behavior is poorly understood. The aim of this systematic review was to ascertain the level and type of evidence reported in the international scientific literature for policies within the school setting that contribute directly or indirectly to increasing PA. Methods: This systematic review is compliant with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Six databases were searched using key concepts of policy, school, evaluation, and PA. Following title and abstract screening of 2323 studies, 25 progressed to data synthesis. Methodological quality was assessed using standardized tools, and the strength of the evidence of policy impact was described based on pre-determined codes: positive, negative, inconclusive, or untested statistically. Results: Evidence emerged for 9 policy areas that had a direct or indirect effect on PA within the school setting. These were whole school PA policy, physical education, sport/extracurricular PA, classroom-based PA, active breaks/recess, physical environment, shared use agreements, active school transport, and surveillance. The bulk of the evidence was significantly positive (54%), 27% was inconclusive, 9% was significantly negative, and 11% was untested (due to rounding, some numbers add to 99% or 101%). Frequency of evidence was highest in the primary setting (41%), 34% in the secondary setting, and 24% in primary/secondary combined school settings. By policy area, frequency of evidence was highest for sport/extracurricular PA (35%), 17% for physical education, and 12% for whole school PA policy, with evidence for shared use agreements between schools and local communities rarely reported (2%). Comparing relative strength of evidence, the evidence for shared use agreements, though sparse, was 100% positive, while 60% of the evidence for whole school PA policy, 59% of the evidence for sport/extracurricular PA, 57% of the evidence for physical education, 50% of the evidence for PA in classroom, and 50% of the evidence for active breaks/recess were positive. Conclusion: The current evidence base supports the effectiveness of PA policy actions within the school setting but cautions against a “one-size-fits-all” approach and emphasizes the need to examine policy implementation to maximize translation into practice. Greater clarity regarding terminology, measurement, and methods for evaluation of policy interventions is needed.
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- 2021
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28. Evidenzbasierung in Primärprävention und Gesundheitsförderung: Methoden und Vorgehensweisen in 5 Forschungsverbünden
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Brandes, Mirko, Muellmann, Saskia, Allweiss, Theresa, Bauer, Ulrich, Bethmann, Andreas, Forberger, Sarah, Frense, Jennifer, Gelius, Peter, Pfeifer, Klaus, Okan, Orkan, Renner, Britta, Schupp, Harald, Wright, Michael, and Zeeb, Hajo
- Published
- 2021
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29. Measuring capabilities in health and physical activity promotion: a systematic review
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M. Till, K. Abu-Omar, S. Ferschl, A. K. Reimers, and P. Gelius
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Capability approach ,Public health ,Measurement ,Operationalization ,Physical activity, health outcomes ,Questionnaires ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background The capability approach by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum has gained increasing attention in the field of public health. As it combines individual, social and structural factors and shifts the focus of attention from the actual behavior towards available options for health behaviors that people can actually choose from, it may help advance our understanding of complex health issues. Objectives The aim of this article is to identify and describe tools available to measure capabilities within the context of health, with a specific focus on capabilities for health-enhancing physical activity. Method We conducted a systematic literature review using 11 databases covering scientific journal articles published in English or German between the years 2000 and 2020 with a focus on capabilities for health or physical activity. Results We found a total of 51 articles meeting our inclusion criteria. Four articles measured capabilities using qualitative methods, one combined qualitative and quantitative methods, while the rest used quantitative methods. We identified a total 11 different capability questionnaires, all showing moderate to good validity/reliability. Only one questionnaire and one interview-based tool specifically dealt with capabilities for health enhancing physical activity. Conclusion Although we were able to identify measurement tools for capabilities in health, this review has shown that there is no generic tool available for the measurement across all population- and age-groups, and tools focusing on physical activity are scarce. However, our results can be used as guide for future projects that aim at measuring capabilities.
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- 2021
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30. The added value of using the HEPA PAT for physical activity policy monitoring: a four-country comparison
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Peter Gelius, Sven Messing, Sarah Forberger, Jeroen Lakerveld, Fiona Mansergh, Wanda Wendel-Vos, Joanna Zukowska, Catherine Woods, and the PEN Consortium
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Physical activity ,Policy ,Monitoring ,Ireland ,Netherlands ,Germany ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Public policy is increasingly recognized as an important component of physical activity promotion. This paper reports on the current status of physical activity policy development and implementation in four European countries based on the Health-Enhancing Physical Activity Policy Audit Tool (HEPA PAT) developed by WHO. It compares the findings to previous studies and discusses the general utility of this tool and its unique features in relation to other instruments. Methods The study was conducted as part of the Policy Evaluation Network ( www.jpi-pen.eu ) in Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands and Poland. Data collection built upon information obtained via the EU Physical Activity Monitoring Framework survey, additional desk research and expert opinion. Data analysis employed Howlett’s policy cycle framework to map and compare national physical activity policies in the four countries. Results In all countries under study, policy agenda-setting is influenced by prevalence data from national health monitoring systems, and the sport and/or health sector takes the lead in policy formulation. Key policy documents were located mainly in the health sector but also in sport, urban design and transport. Physical activity programmes implemented to meet policy objectives usually cover a broad range of target groups, but currently only a small selection of major policies are evaluated for effectiveness. National experts made several suggestions to other countries wishing to establish physical activity policies, e.g. regarding cross-sectoral support and coordination, comprehensive national action plans, and monitoring/surveillance. Conclusions This study provides a detailed overview of physical activity policies in the four countries. Results show that national governments are already very active in the field but that there is room for improvement in a number of areas, e.g. regarding the contribution of sectors beyond sport and health. Using the HEPA PAT simultaneously in four countries also showed that procedures and timelines have to be adapted to national contexts. Overall, the instrument can make an important contribution to understanding and informing physical activity policy, especially when used as an add-on to regular monitoring tools like the EU HEPA Monitoring Framework.
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- 2021
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31. Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Sleep Duration of Children Aged 6–9 Years in 25 Countries: An Analysis within the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) 2015–2017
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Stephen Whiting, Marta Buoncristiano, Peter Gelius, Karim Abu-Omar, Mary Pattison, Jolanda Hyska, Vesselka Duleva, Sanja Musić Milanović, Hana Zamrazilová, Tatjana Hejgaard, Mette Rasmussen, Eha Nurk, Lela Shengelia, Cecily C. Kelleher, Mirjam M. Heinen, Angela Spinelli, Paola Nardone, Akbota Abildina, Shynar Abdrakhmanova, Gulmira Aitmurzaeva, Zhamyila Usuopva, Iveta Pudule, Aušra Petrauskiene, Victoria Farrugia Sant’Angelo, Enisa Kujundzic, Stevo Popovic, Anne-Siri Fismen, Ingunn Holden Bergh, Anna Fijalkowska, Ana Isabel Rito, Alexandra Cucu, Lacramioara Aurelia Brinduse, Valentina Peterkova, Andrea Gualtieri, Marta García-Solano, Enrique Gutiérrez-González, Zulfinissio Abdurrahmonova, Khadichamo Boymatova, Nazan Yardim, Maya Tanrygulyyeva, Daniel Weghuber, Karin Schindler, Dragana Stojisavljević, Aida Filipović Hadžiomeragić,, Eliza Markidou Ionnaidu, Wolfgang Ahrens, Maria Hassapidou, Viktoria Anna Kovacs, Sergej M. Ostojic, Lubica Ticha, Gregor Starc, Kenisha Russell Jonsson, Igor Spiroski, Harry Rutter, Romeu Mendes, Julianne Williams, Ivo Rakovac, and João Breda
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physical inactivity ,surveillance ,sedentary behaviour ,active transport, active play ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ,RC620-627 - Abstract
Background: Children are becoming less physically active as opportunities for safe active play, recreational activities, and active transport decrease. At the same time, sedentary screen-based activities both during school and leisure time are increasing. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate physical activity (PA), screen time, and sleep duration of girls and boys aged 6–9 years in Europe using data from the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). Method: The fourth COSI data collection round was conducted in 2015–2017, using a standardized protocol that included a family form completed by parents with specific questions about their children’s PA, screen time, and sleep duration. Results: Nationally representative data from 25 countries was included and information on the PA behaviour, screen time, and sleep duration of 150,651 children was analysed. Pooled analysis showed that: 79.4% were actively playing for >1 h each day, 53.9% were not members of a sport or dancing club, 50.0% walked or cycled to school each day, 60.2% engaged in screen time for 1 h/day, 8.2–85.6% were not members of a sport or dancing club, 17.7–94.0% walked or cycled to school each day, 32.3–80.0% engaged in screen time for
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- 2020
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32. Physical Activity as a Human Right?
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Sven Messing, Michael Krennerich, Karim Abu-Omar, Susanne Ferschl, and Peter Gelius
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform ,HN1-995 - Abstract
Public awareness of the importance of physical activity has increased due to the many lockdowns imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This has brought more widespread attention to a question previously confined primarily to parts of the physical activity promotion community: Do humans have a right to be active? While the public health benefits of physical activity are undisputed, up to now no clear understanding has emerged as to whether physical activity represents a human right. Even though the right to physical activity is not explicitly recognized in international human rights treaties, it seems possible to derive it from well-established human rights such as the right to health, the right to rest and leisure, the right to education, and the principle of nondiscrimination. This paper shows how a right to physical activity could be derived from international human rights treaties, how the attributes of such a right could be defined, and which state obligations would be associated with it. Given that the current human rights discourse in this field focuses mainly on the interconnections between sport and human rights, we would like to argue that there is added value in a debate about physical activity as a human right.
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- 2020
33. Measuring capabilities in health and physical activity promotion: a systematic review
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Till, M., Abu-Omar, K., Ferschl, S., Reimers, A. K., and Gelius, P.
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- 2021
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34. Kooperative Planung von Maßnahmen zur Bewegungsförderung: Neue Wege zur Erweiterung von Handlungsmöglichkeiten – Ergebnisse aus dem Forschungsverbund Capital4Health
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Gelius, Peter, Brandl-Bredenbeck, Hans Peter, Hassel, Holger, Loss, Julika, Sygusch, Ralf, Tittlbach, Susanne, Töpfer, Clemens, Ungerer-Röhrich, Ulrike, and Pfeifer, Klaus
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- 2021
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35. Barriers and Facilitators of Physical Activity Participation in Adolescent Girls: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews
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Keeva Duffey, Ana Barbosa, Stephen Whiting, Romeu Mendes, Isabel Yordi Aguirre, Antonina Tcymbal, Karim Abu-Omar, Peter Gelius, and João Breda
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adolescence ,gender ,exercise ,physical activity ,public health ,policy ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Background: Persistent low physical activity (PA) levels among adolescent girls constitute a public health concern that calls for immediate and evidence-based policy action. This systematic review (SR) aimed to summarize evidence from SRs examining the barriers and facilitators of PA participation in adolescent girls. The objectives were to provide a synthesis of the available evidence and identify key areas for fostering gender-responsive action and policy implications.Methods: A comprehensive search of relevant SR and meta-analyses were performed in PubMed and Cochrane Library, until February 2021. Studies were included if they were SRs or meta-analyses, included adolescent girls aged between 10 and 19 years, and described barriers or facilitators of PA. Two independent authors performed the screening of potentially eligible studies and both assessed the methodological quality of included studies using the AMSTAR 2 tool. The barriers and facilitators were synthesized at environmental, interpersonal, and individual levels.Results: A total of eight SRs were included in the qualitative synthesis. The most frequent barriers identified were the lack of support from peers, family, and teachers, and the lack of time. The most reported facilitators were weight loss, and support from peers, family, and teachers. Key areas for action and policy implementation include an inclusive approach to curriculum development to address gender norms; adequate training of professionals so they have a range of skills to ensure inclusion of adolescent girls; environmental changes in and out of schools to stimulate participation, to allow adolescent girls to be active in a safe and attractive environment; multistakeholder support at local, regional, and national level in incorporating a gender-responsive approach toward PA participation.Conclusion: The results highlight a variety of factors that influences the PA participation of adolescent girls. For the attainment of effective policies that increase PA levels in adolescent girls, it is essential to engage several stakeholders at different levels in incorporating a gender-responsive approach toward PA participation.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42020204023.
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- 2021
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36. Systematic review examining the evidence for impact of school policies on physical activity
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Volf, K, primary, Kelly, L, additional, García Bengoechea, E, additional, Gobis, A, additional, Lakerveld, J, additional, Zukowska, J, additional, Gelius, P, additional, Messing, S, additional, Forberger, S, additional, and Woods, C, additional
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- 2020
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37. Sub-national structures matter when evaluating physical activity promotion: Lessons from Germany
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Forberger, S, primary, Gelius, P, additional, Messing, S, additional, Volf, K, additional, Kelly, L, additional, Taylor, S, additional, Zukowska, J, additional, Lakerveld, J, additional, and Woods, C, additional
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- 2020
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38. Scientific Cooperation and the Co-production of Scientific Outcomes for Physical Activity Promotion: Results From a Transdisciplinary Research Consortium
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Susanne Ferschl, Maike Till, Karim Abu-Omar, Klaus Pfeifer, and Peter Gelius
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cooperation of science teams ,The Science of Team Science ,transdisciplinary research consortium ,physical activity promotion ,collaborative readiness ,collaborative products ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Background: To tackle complex societal challenges such as the high prevalence of physical inactivity, research funding is increasingly channeled toward cross-disciplinary research consortia. This study focused on exchange and cooperation (E&C) among the scientists of a 5-year transdisciplinary research initiative in Germany. Researchers' perceptions of E&C were combined with numbers of collaborative products during the project's life to make the developments of E&C and the quality of collaborative products visible.Methods: We applied a mixed-methods design including a qualitative content analysis of pre-interviews, focus-group interviews, and documents as well as a quantitative analysis of research (scientific publications, books, conference participations) and training outcomes (supervised bachelor's, master's, and Ph.D. theses). Inductive and deductive approaches were combined to analyze factors of collaborative readiness and to identify perceptions of E&C among project teams. Based on Hall et al.'s “Conceptual Model for Evaluation of Collaborative Initiatives,” the project period was separated into phases of “collaborative readiness,” “collaborative capacity,” and “collaborative products.”Results: Our findings revealed a discrepancy between the objectively assessed concepts of collaborative readiness and researchers' reported perceptions of E&C during the early project stage. A set of E&C hindering factors identified during the initial project phase remained present until the final project stage. Further, E&C among scientists increased over time, as reflected by researchers' perceptions. Reports of scientists also showed that outcomes were co-produced at the final project stage for the first time, while knowledge integration had not yet been achieved. Generally, the number of collaborative products (particularly scientific publications) also substantially increased over time. E&C was supported and promoted by the efforts of the coordinating sub-project.Conclusion: Scientific E&C is a learning process and needs time to develop. A participatory research approach taking into account the perspectives on and requirements for E&C during the project's design might lay the ground for suitable, supportive, and transparent conditions for effective and successful E&C. Despite their time- and resource-consuming nature, cross-disciplinary research initiatives provide a fertile context in which to generate new solutions for pressing societal issues given that long-term funding and the establishment of an overarching coordination organ is assured.
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- 2021
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39. Physical activity referral scheme components: a study protocol for systematic review and meta-regression
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Wolfgang Geidl, Eriselda Mino, Klaus Pfeifer, Peter Gelius, Karim Abu-Omar, Anja Weissenfels, Inga Naber, and Sarah Klamroth
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Medicine - Abstract
Introduction In its attempt to establish effective physical activity promotion methods, research on physical activity referral schemes (PARS) is attracting significant attention. Sometimes known as physical activity on prescription schemes, PARS involve a well-defined procedure whereby a primary healthcare professional introduces a participant to the topic of physical activity and employs prescription or referral forms to connect the participant to physical activity opportunities, such as local fitness offers. The planned systematic review will focus on these referral routes and scheme components and how they are integrated into various PARS models worldwide. We seek to identify the evidence-based core components that play the most important roles in the effectiveness of PARS.Methods and analysis The development and reporting of the protocol follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines. We plan to conduct a systematic main literature search on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, HTA, SpringerLink and other databases. We will include studies that report outcomes on physical activity, PARS uptake and adherence rates or descriptive information about PARS models. We intend for all review stages, citation screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment to be conducted by at least two independent reviewers. As a broad spectrum of study designs, including randomised and non-randomised studies of interventions and mixed methods, will be eligible, we will use three separate tools to assess the risk of bias in individual studies. The data will be primarily synthesised narratively, following Intervention Component Analysis. If the data allow, we will perform a random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression to investigate the impact of specific PARS components on effect sizes.Ethics and dissemination This systematic review does not require formal ethics approval. The results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal and international conferences to reach the scientific community.PROSPERO registration number CRD42021233229.
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- 2021
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40. Nine types of recommendations, guidelines and policies: an exploratory test of a proposed typology of physical activity promotion documents
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Peter Gelius, Sven Messing, and Karim Abu-Omar
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Public health ,Health promotion ,Physical activity ,Documents ,Typology ,Recommendation ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background The field of physical activity abounds with recommendations, guidelines, action plans and other documents published by experts, organizations and institutions at the national and international level. However, working with these documents is difficult since similar names (e.g. “recommendations”) may be used to label substantially different contents, while identical topics may hide behind different monikers (e.g. “guidelines” and “strategy”). Methods We built on an existing framework conceptualizing categories of physical activity evidence and on the Doern continuum for policy instruments to develop a nine-field matrix that classifies physical activity-related publications based on their evidence type and degree of coercion. We used a selection of eleven physical activity documents to perform an exploratory test of the functions and utility of the typology. Results Placing central physical activity documents into the typology shows that recommendations, guidelines, and policies are found across the entire matrix, regardless of their denomination. It also suggests that some documents transcend boundaries between types by falling into more than one category, and that some categories may be underrepresented in current physical activity promotion. Conclusions A typology to classify physical activity guidelines, recommendations, and policies can help us acquire a better overview of the landscape of existing physical activity documents than simple distinctions based on document names. It may guide both current initiatives and future development work in the field. It could also serve as a point of departure for future research, as conducting systematic overviews of the literature based on this typology may help reveal important gaps in current physical activity promotion.
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- 2019
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41. Development of national physical activity recommendations in 18 EU member states: a comparison of methodologies and the use of evidence
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Sylvia Titze, Martine Duclos, Peter Gelius, Antonina Tcymbal, Karim Abu-Omar, Christian Halbwachs, Beelin Baxter, Susanne Ferschl, and Joao Joaquim Breda
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Medicine - Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study is to compare how member states of the European Union (EU) develop their national physical activity (PA) recommendations and to provide an overview of the methodologies they apply in doing so. Information was collected directly from the physical activity focal points of EU member states in 2018. Five countries were chosen for detailed case study analysis of development processes.Design Cross-sectional survey.Participants The representatives of the 28 EU member state governments to the EU physical activity Focal Point Network.Outcome measures From national documents we extracted data on (1) the participants of the development process, (2) the different methods used during development, and (3) on which sources national PA recommendations were based. An additional survey for case study countries provided details on (1) anonymised information on the participants of development process, (2) methods employed and rationale for choosing them, (3) development process and timeline, and (4) main source documents used for recommendation development.Results Eighteen national documents on PA recommendations contained information about development process. The results showed that countries used different approaches to develop national recommendations. The main strategies were (1) adoption of WHO 2010 recommendations or (2) a combination of analysis and adoption of other national and international recommendations and literature review. All of the five case study countries relied on review processes rather than directly adopting WHO recommendations.Conclusions While there are arguments for the use of particular strategies for PA recommendation development, there is currently no evidence for the general superiority of a specific approach. Instead, our findings highlight the broad spectrum of potential development methods, resources utilisation and final recommendations design currently available to national governments. These results may be a source of inspiration for other countries currently planning the development or update of national PA recommendations.
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- 2021
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42. Ancestral lysosomal enzymes with increased activity harbor therapeutic potential for treatment of Hunter syndrome
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Natalie M. Hendrikse, Anna Sandegren, Tommy Andersson, Jenny Blomqvist, Åsa Makower, Dominik Possner, Chao Su, Niklas Thalén, Agneta Tjernberg, Ulrica Westermark, Johan Rockberg, Stefan Svensson Gelius, Per-Olof Syrén, and Erik Nordling
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Biochemistry ,Structural Biology ,Science - Abstract
Summary: We show the successful application of ancestral sequence reconstruction to enhance the activity of iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), thereby increasing its therapeutic potential for the treatment of Hunter syndrome—a lysosomal storage disease caused by impaired function of IDS. Current treatment, enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant human IDS, does not alleviate all symptoms, and an unmet medical need remains. We reconstructed putative ancestral sequences of mammalian IDS and compared them with extant IDS. Some ancestral variants displayed up to 2-fold higher activity than human IDS in in vitro assays and cleared more substrate in ex vivo experiments in patient fibroblasts. This could potentially allow for lower dosage or enhanced therapeutic effect in enzyme replacement therapy, thereby improving treatment outcomes and cost efficiency, as well as reducing treatment burden. In summary, we showed that ancestral sequence reconstruction can be applied to lysosomal enzymes that function in concert with modern enzymes and receptors in cells.
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- 2021
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43. Policy Evaluation Network (PEN): Protocol for systematic literature reviews examining the evidence for impact of policies on physical activity across seven different policy domains [version 3; peer review: 2 approved]
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Kevin Volf, Liam Kelly, Enrique García Bengoechea, Blathin Casey, Anna Gobis, Jeroen Lakerveld, Joanna Zukowska, Peter Gelius, Sven Messing, Sarah Forberger, Catherine Woods, and Policy Evaluation Network (PEN) Consortium
- Subjects
Medicine - Abstract
Introduction: Over 40 million deaths annually are due to noncommunicable diseases, 15 million of these are premature deaths and physical inactivity contributes an estimated 9% to this figure. Global responses have included the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Global Action Plan on Physical Activity (GAPPA). Both point to policy action on physical activity (PA) to address change, yet the impact of policy on PA outcomes is unknown. The protocol described outlines the methodology for systematic literature reviews that will be undertaken by the Policy Evaluation Network (PEN) to address this knowledge gap. Methods: The seven best investments for promotion of population PA identified in the Toronto Charter highlighted seven policy domains (schools, transport, urban design, primary health care systems, public education, community-wide programmes and sport) which will form the basis of these PEN reviews. Seven individual scientific literature searches across six electronic databases will be conducted. Each will use the key concepts of policy, PA, evaluation and a distinct concept for each of the seven policy domains. This will be supplemented with a search of the reference list of included articles. Methodological quality will be assessed and overall effectiveness for each included study will be described according to pre-determined criteria. Conclusions: Each review will provide policy makers with a list of policy statements and corresponding actions which the evidence has determined impact on PA directly or indirectly. By collating the evidence, and demonstrating the depth of the science base which informs these policy recommendations, each review will provide guidance to policymakers to use evidence-based or evidence-informed policies to achieve the 15% relative reduction in physical inactivity as defined by GAPPA. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020156630 (10/07/2020).
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- 2021
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44. Klima und Sport? Klima und Sport!
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Abu-Omar, Karim and Gelius, Peter
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- 2020
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45. Exploring the therapeutic potential of modern and ancestral phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyases as supplementary treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia
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Hendrikse, Natalie M., Holmberg Larsson, Albin, Svensson Gelius, Stefan, Kuprin, Sergei, Nordling, Erik, and Syrén, Per-Olof
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- 2020
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46. Physical activity promotion in the age of climate change [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
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Karim Abu-Omar, Peter Gelius, and Sven Messing
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The importance of the global climate crisis requires linking physical activity promotion and climate action. This article provides a first overview of interconnections between physical activity promotion and climate action, potential synergies and discrepancies, aiming to stimulate further discussion about this topic. The analysis is based on the World Health Organization’s Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030 (GAPPA). The GAPPA covers five perspectives that are of particular relevance with respect to potential links with climate policy: (1) Infrastructures supporting active transport, (2) green spaces and recreational/exercise facilities, (3) exercise programs, (4) mass communication campaigns and mass participation events and (5) training of professionals. Our analysis demonstrates a considerable alignment between strategies for physical activity promotion and efforts for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. However, in some of the areas, this alignment could still be improved. Additionally, more climate-conscious policies, research and surveillance need to be developed in the field of physical activity promotion.
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- 2020
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47. What are effective policies for promoting physical activity? A systematic review of reviews
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Peter Gelius, Sven Messing, Lee Goodwin, Diana Schow, and Karim Abu-Omar
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Physical activity ,Policy ,Public health ,Health policy ,Review ,Evidence ,Medicine - Abstract
The importance of policy for promoting physical activity (PA) is increasingly recognized by academics, and there is a push by national governments and international institutions for PA policy development and monitoring. However, our knowledge about which policies are actually effective to promote PA remains limited. This article summarizes the currently available evidence by reviewing existing reviews on the subject.Building on results from a previous scoping review on different types of PA-related evidence, we ran searches for combinations of the terms “physical activity”, “evidence”, “effect”, “review”, and “policy” in six different databases (PubMed, Scopus, SportDiscus, PsycInfo, ERIC, and IBSS). We used EPPI Reviewer 4 to further process the results and conduct an in-depth analysis.We identified 57 reviews providing evidence on 53 types of policies and seven broader groups of policies. Reviews fell into four main categories: 1) setting- and target group-specific; 2) urban design, environment and transport; 3) economic instruments; and 4) broad-range perspective. Results indicate that there is solid evidence for policy effectiveness in some areas (esp. school-based and infrastructural policies) but that the evidence in other areas is insufficient (esp. for economic policies).The available evidence provides some guidance for policy-makers regarding which policies can currently be recommended as effective. However, results also highlight some broader epistemological issues deriving from the current research. This includes the conflation of PA policies and PA interventions, the lack of appropriate tools for benchmarking individual policies, and the need to critically revisit research methodologies for collating evidence on policies.
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- 2020
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48. Status and contents of physical activity recommendations in European Union countries: a systematic comparative analysis
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Peter Gelius, Antonina Tcymbal, Karim Abu-Omar, and Sara Tribuzi Morais
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Medicine - Abstract
ObjectivesWe analysed the information on current national physical activity recommendations in all EU Member States provided by governments in a joint EU/WHO survey on the implementation status of the EU Council Recommendation on Health-Enhancing Physical Activity across Sectors.DesignCross-sectional survey.ParticipantsThe representatives of the 28 EU Member State governments to the EU Physical Activity Focal Point Network.Outcome measuresNational recommendations on: (A) minimum frequency, duration, intensity and lengths of bouts of physical activity, (B) preventing inactivity or sedentary behaviour and (C) further recommendations for additional health benefits, obesity prevention and specific types of activity.ResultsAn official document could be located for 23 of the 28 EU Member States, while four are currently developing recommendations. For children and adolescents, most countries follow the 2010 WHO Global Recommendations for Physical Activity, but there are notable differences in the delimitation of age groups. 14 countries also followed WHO in their recommendations for adults, and 11 countries have additional advice on avoiding inactivity and sitting among adults. 18 Member States have recommendations for older adults, 12 of which follow WHO. Thirteen countries also address at least one special population (eg, pregnant women, people with disabilities and people with chronic diseases), but the level of detail varies substantially between countries.ConclusionsThe large majority of EU Member States either has physical activity recommendations in place or is in the process of developing them. There is a general tendency to use the WHO Global Recommendations as a basis, with the greatest variation observable for children and adolescents. Comparing results with a previous round of data collection shows that the number of EU countries with physical activity recommendations is increasing and that both special groups and sedentary behaviour have become more important in recent years.
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- 2020
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49. Nine types of recommendations, guidelines and policies: an exploratory test of a proposed typology of physical activity promotion documents
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Gelius, Peter, Messing, Sven, and Abu-Omar, Karim
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- 2019
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50. Transdisziplinäre Aushandlungsprozesse unter WissenschaftlerInnen im Forschungsverbund „Capital4Health – Capabilites for active lifestyles“
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Schultze, M, additional, Frahsa, A, additional, Gelius, P, additional, Schätzlein, V, additional, Messing, S, additional, and Rütten, A, additional
- Published
- 2017
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